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Quantum computing poses a direct threat to Bitcoin by potentially undermining the cryptographic algorithms that secure its transactions and wallet keys.
Sufficiently advanced quantum computers could enable the theft of bitcoins by decrypting private keys.
Breaking Bitcoin's Cryptography
Bitcoin uses elliptic curve cryptography (ECDSA) for digital signatures. Shor's algorithm, run on a quantum computer, could efficiently factor the large prime numbers underpinning ECDSA, exposing private keys from public keys. Grover's algorithm could also significantly accelerate brute force attacks on private keys, leveraging "1,000 times faster operations" for such computational tasks.
Looming Quantum Milestones
The current influence score for quantum computing is 5/100, indicating an early but growing threat. Recent advancements, such as the "Cleveland Clinic, RIKEN and IBM Team" reaching the 2026 ACM Gordon Bell Prize finals, underscore accelerating progress in quantum research. While no immediate threat exists, these breakthroughs necessitate vigilance given 100 total tracked events.